Occlusion device

ABSTRACT

Provided herein is an occlusion device comprising: (a) a substantially solid marker band having an inner and outer diameter, a proximal end, and a distal end; and (b) a resilient mesh body attached within the marker band, wherein the body is a length y, and wherein the body comprises a bolus of additional resilient mesh material of a length x, wherein y is greater than x, and wherein the body extends distally from the marker band having a first delivery shape and a second expandable deployed shape. Also provided herein is a kit comprising the occlusion device disclosed herein and a means for delivery thereof. Methods of manufacture and use of the occlusion device disclosed herein are also disclosed.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to the field of occlusiondevices and/or occlusion device systems and/or implantable occlusiondevices and the treatment and/or amelioration of Left Atrial Appendage(LAA).

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

Left Atrial Appendage (LAA) or left auricle or auricula or left auricleappendix is a muscular pouch or wind-sock like structure projecting fromthe left atrium of the heart. During the disease pathology of atrialfibrillation (AF) or mitral valve disease or other heart conditions,blood clots can form in the LAA. For example, 10-20% of patientsafflicted with AF will present with blood clot formation in the LAA. Itis now known that 90% of the blood clots that form as a result of AF,form in the LAA. Blackshear J L, Odell J A (February 1996) Ann. Thorac.Surg. 61 (2): 755-9. Such blood clots pose the risk of dislodging andbecoming embolic material which may pose significant risks relating tostroke or other ischemic damage to the body's organs. As such, LAAocclusion treatment techniques are a viable option to the prevention ofstroke in AF or other disorders involving blood clot formation in theLAA.

LAA occlusion is an alternative treatment strategy to blood clottingdrugs or anticoagulants such as in the class of coumarin-type drugs,heparin-based drugs, small molecule inhibitor drugs, antithrombinprotein-based drugs, and/or the like. Not all patients are suitablecandidates for such blood clotting medicines due to underlying issuesrelating to prior bleeds, non-compliance, and/or pregnancy (17% ofpatients in one study: Gottlieb L K, Salem-Schatz S (September 1994)Arch. Intern. Med. 154 (17): 1945-53), and are therefore in need ofother treatment options such as the use of occlusion device strategies.

Current devices for LAA occlusion generally include an expandablenitinol frame or the like. One such catheter-based device comprises abody designed to occlude an LAA and a retention member secured to thebody. However, while the use of such devices results in less hemorrhagicstroke than with anticoagulants alone, there are known disadvantages andlimitations such as, without limitation, pericardial effusion, LAAclosure, dislodgement of the device, blood clot formation on the device,anatomical incompatibilities and/or a combination thereof. Accordingly,there is a need for improved occlusion devices in the field.

While such occlusion devices may be found, for example in U.S. Pat. Nos.5,025,060; 5,496,277; 5,928,260; 6,152,144; 6,168,622; 6,221,086;6,334,048; 6,419,686; 6,506,204; 6,605,102; 6,589,256; 6,663,068;6,669,721; 6,780,196; 7,044,134; 7,093,527; 7,128,073; 7,128,736;7,152,605; 7,410,482; 7,722,641; 7,229,461; 7,410,482; 7,597,704;7,695,488; 8,034,061; 8,080,032; 8,142,456; 8,261,648; 8,262,692;8,361,138; 8,430,012; 8,454,633; 8,470,013; 8,500,751; 8,523,897; and8,535,343; and United States Application Numbers 2003/0195553;2004/0098027; 2006/0167494; 2006/0206199; 2007/0288083; 2008/0147100;2008/0221600; 2010/0069948; 2011/0046658; 2012/0172973; 2012/0283768;2012/0330341; 2013/0035712; 2013/0090682; 2013/0197622; 2013/0274868;and 2014/0005714; European Application Number EP 1651117; andInternational Application Numbers WO13/028579; WO13/109309; WO13/152327;none of these references disclose the embodiments of the occlusiondevice disclosed herein.

Reference is also made to commonly owned, U.S. patent application Ser.No. 14/699,188; which discloses a device for treating endovasculardisease, and which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Therefore, disclosed herein are innovative improvements and severaladvantages in the field of occlusion devices because the occlusiondevice disclosed herein provides LAA treatment and/or amelioration whilepromoting more effective endothelialization around the device.Accordingly, an improved LAA occlusion device as disclosed hereinmaximizes shielding of blood flow into the left atrial appendage andtraps any clot inside. Additionally, the occlusion device disclosedherein has an open mesh density which permits enhanced tissueintegration and stabilization of the device. Other advantages include,without limitation, elimination of the need to place large numbers ofcoils or framing wires or nitinol cages in the LAA pouch and thecost-effectiveness relating thereto; a higher level of compatibilitywith challenging anatomies that are incompatible with current devicesrequiring significant real estate in the left atrium space adjacent tothe LAA; and significant time-saving opportunities from the use of asingle implant.

All documents and references cited herein and in the referenced patentdocuments, are hereby incorporated herein by reference.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present inventor has designed an occlusion device for providing LAAtreatment. As such, an occlusion device of the present invention is forpromoting stabilization and more effective endothelialization around thedevice and is configured for maximizing shielding of blood flow into theLAA and traps any clot inside.

Disclosed herein is an occlusion device comprising: (a) a substantiallysolid marker band having an inner and outer diameter, a proximal end,and a distal end; and (b) a resilient mesh body attached within themarker band, wherein the body is a length y, and wherein the bodycomprises a bolus of additional resilient mesh material of a length x,wherein y is greater than x, and wherein the body extends distally fromthe marker band and the body has a first delivery shape and a secondexpandable deployed shape.

In one embodiment, the resilient mesh body comprises a dual layer ofmesh. In a further embodiment, the dual layer of mesh is acircumferentially folded dual layer of mesh.

In one embodiment, the resilient mesh body has an open mesh density forenhanced tissue integration and/or stabilization of the occlusiondevice.

In another embodiment, the resilient mesh body and the bolus ofadditional resilient mesh material are dissimilar metals.

In another embodiment, the resilient mesh body is constructed from asuper elastic material. In a further embodiment, the resilient mesh bodyis constructed from nitinol. In yet another embodiment, the resilientmesh body is constructed from DFT platinum core nitinol.

In another embodiment, the bolus of additional resilient mesh isconstructed from a super elastic material. In a further embodiment, thebolus of additional resilient mesh is constructed from nitinol. In yetanother embodiment, the bolus of additional resilient mesh isconstructed from DFT platinum core nitinol.

In another embodiment, the marker band comprises a rigid member.

In another embodiment, the marker band comprises a rigid member selectedfrom the group consisting of a ring, collar, and suture.

In another embodiment, the marker band is reinforced.

In another embodiment, the occlusion device is a Left Atrial Appendage(LAA) occlusion device.

Also disclosed herein is a kit comprising the occlusion device disclosedherein and a delivery means for deploying the occlusion device.

Additionally disclosed herein are methods for manufacture and/ordelivery and/or deployment of the occlusion device disclosed herein.

In other embodiments, the occlusion device in the preceding paragraphsmay incorporate any of the preceding or subsequently disclosedembodiments.

The Summary of the Invention is not intended to define the claims nor isit intended to limit the scope of the invention in any manner.

Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from thefollowing Drawings, Detailed Description, and the Claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 illustrates a cross section of an embodiment of the occlusiondevice disclosed herein for LAA treatment.

FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of the occlusion device disclosedherein deployed in a LAA pouch or cavity.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention is illustrated in the drawings and description inwhich like elements are assigned the same reference numerals. However,while particular embodiments are illustrated in the drawings, there isno intention to limit the present invention to the specific embodimentor embodiments disclosed. Rather, the present invention is intended tocover all modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalentsfalling within the spirit and scope of the invention. As such, thedrawings are intended to be illustrative and not restrictive.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used herein have the samemeaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art towhich this technology belongs.

Example implementations of the LAA occlusion device disclosed hereinprovide treatment and/or amelioration of LAA. Such an occlusion deviceis delivered intravascularly to the LAA site (pouch and/or cavity) via acatheter or other modes of delivery such that the deployed shape of theocclusion device forms a liner that at least seals the opening and/orinside of the LAA pouch, the substantially solid marker band traversesthe opening of the LAA pouch or cavity while promoting more effectiveendothelialization around the device.

In an exemplary method of delivery of an occlusion device disclosedherein, a catheter is introduced into the left atrial space having aleft atrial appendage (LAA), wherein there is formation of a blood clotor clots. The LAA generally includes the opening (or neck) of the LAAand the muscular pouch or cavity of the LAA. The catheter tip ispositioned adjacent the opening of the LAA such that the occlusiondevice can be deployed. The occlusion device disclosed herein isconfigured of resilient mesh capable of expansion in a low profilemanner, in the manner of an inverted mushroom, to effectively line theinside of the LAA pouch thereby occluding the LAA through promotingendothelialization around the device.

For the purposes of the disclosure herein, the terminology “low profile”means that the resilient mesh body of the device, in free air, has aheight that is about 10-20% of its width, and therefore in its deployedshape the resilient mesh body, even though expanded, lay flush, in aflattened manner as in an inverted mushroom, up against the tissue wallsof the LAA cavity such that it is positioned to cover at leastpartially, the interior surface of the LAA cavity. As such the openingand/or inside of the LAA pouch or cavity is sealed thereby occluding theLAA.

For the purposes of the disclosure herein, the terminology “correspondsto” means there is a functional and/or mechanical relationship betweenobjects which correspond to each other. For example, an occlusion devicedelivery system corresponds to (or is compatible with) an occlusiondevice for deployment thereof.

For the purposes of the disclosure herein, the terminology “occlusiondevice” means and/or may be interchangeable with terminology such as,without limitation, “device” or “occlusion device system” or “occlusionsystem” or “system” or “occlusion device implant” or “implant” and thelike.

Occlusion device delivery systems are well known and readily availablein the art. For example, such delivery technologies may be found,without limitation, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,991,602; 5,067,489; 6,833,003;2006/0167494; and 2007/0288083; each of the teachings of which areincorporated herein. For the purposes of the present invention, any typeof occlusion device delivery means and/or delivery system and/ordelivery technology and/or delivery mechanism and/or detachment (and/orattachment) means and/or detachment system and/or detachment technologyand/or detachment mechanism may be utilized and/or modified in such amanner as to make it compatible (so as to correspond) with the occlusiondevice disclosed herein. Exemplary occlusion device delivery mechanismsand/or systems include, without limitation, guide wires, pusher wires,catheters, micro-catheters, and the like. Exemplary occlusion devicedetachment mechanisms include, without limitation, fluid pressure,electrolytic mechanisms, hydraulic mechanisms, interlocking mechanisms,and the like. In one embodiment, the occlusion device disclosed hereinis used in a method of electrolytic detachment. Electrolytic detachmentis well known in the art and can be found, for example, in U.S. Pat.Nos. 5,122,136; 5,423,829; 5,624,449; 5,891,128; 6,123,714; 6,589,230;and 6,620,152.

Exemplary embodiments of the occlusion device disclosed herein aredepicted in FIGS. 1-2.

FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of an occlusion device as disclosedherein for promoting more effective endothelialization around thedevice. The occlusion device disclosed herein is configured of resilientmesh capable of expansion to effectively line (or coat) the inside ofthe LAA pouch thereby occluding the LAA through promotingendothelialization around the device. The occlusion device hereincomprises a resilient mesh 20 body comprised of a circumferentiallyfolded over single layer of mesh to create a dual layer of mesh. Such a20 body extends distally from the 40 marker band and has a lengthy. Theends of the dual layer of mesh are attached within the 40 marker band.In one embodiment, the ends of the mesh are attached at the 90 proximalend of the 40 marker band and the 20 body extends distally. In anotherembodiment, the ends of the mesh are attached at the 100 distal end andthe 20 body extends distally. The 20 body comprises within it a 30 bolus(additional mesh mass) of resilient mesh material of length x. In suchan exemplary configuration of the occlusion device disclosed andillustrated herein, y is greater than x. Even in the expanded ordeployed shape of the device, the 20 body maintains a low profile shapewith respect to the LAA 50 pouch and inside which the 20 body of thedevice resides (and lines the LAA tissue 70 walls) upon deployment. Asis accepted in the art, the x and y measurements in length of such anocclusion device are measured in free air. An exemplary range of thelength (y) of the occlusion device 20 body is approximately 20-50millimeters (mm) and an exemplary length (x) of the 30 bolus comprisedwithin the 20 body is less than the value of length y. In oneembodiment, the resilient mesh 20 body is attached inside/within thesubstantially solid 40 marker band and the 20 body extend distally fromthe 40 marker band. Such a configuration of the 40 marker band withrespect to the 20 body confers the capability of the device to seal the80 opening of the LAA and as such effectively occlude the LAA.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of an occlusion device as disclosedherein for treating and/or ameliorating LAA as deployed in the LAA 50pouch. Such a configuration as illustrated in both FIG. 1 and FIG. 2confers the capability of the device to seal the 80 opening of the LAApouch and effectively occlude the LAA. In this embodiment, the mesh 20body of the device lines, as in a low profile manner (lays flat againstin the manner of an inverted mushroom), the LAA 70 walls. Accordingly,even in the deployed shape of the device disclosed herein and as alsoshown in FIG. 2, distance y is greater than distance x. In oneembodiment, a size 12F catheter or smaller is used for deployment of thedevice disclosed herein. In another embodiment, electrolytic deliveryand/or deployment and/or detachment via an electrolytic wire through theleft atrial space adjacent to the LAA is used for the device disclosedherein. Electrolytic detachment means and methods such as thosedisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,122,136 are well known in the art.

The low profile deployed shape of the 20 body of the device provides ananchor for the occlusion device without adversely interfering with fluidflow through left atrial space. This mechanism of action allows for themesh 20 body's dual layer, expandable in it's deployed form in themanner of an inverted mushroom, to line the inner 70 walls of the LAA 50pouch and facilitate endothelial growth through the open mesh densitycreated by the mesh 20 body and its 30 bolus of additional mesh withinthe mesh body. Endothelialization around the device and/or endothelialgrowth around the 20 body of the device is triggered because such aconfiguration maximizes shielding of blood flow into the LAA and trapsany 60 clot inside. The combination of the 30 bolus of mesh within the20/30 dual mesh layer of the body causes the device to function in theLAA as an effective shield, i.e., as an enhanced area of coverage at thecap of the implant which further reduces blood flow. Such a device alsofunctions as a stabilizer and prevents transfer of movement or forcesthrough the mesh during expansion. This has several advantagesincluding, without limitation, anchoring the device, providingundisturbed fluid flow, and/or facilitating neointimal developmentacross the 80 opening of LAA, all without requiring any additionalmaterial (mesh or otherwise) in the left atrial space. As such, there isno additional mesh material component, other than the mesh 20 bodycomprising the 30 bolus of additional mesh within the 20 body andextending from the 40 marker band necessary for the device to anchor orstabilize within the LAA.

Such a configuration facilitates sealing of the 80 opening of the LAAand therefore 60 clot formation and/or healing and/or shrinkage of theLAA 50 pouch which is particularly advantageous if the size or mass ofthe 60 clot is causing pain or other side effects within the patient.Such a configuration is also advantageous because it requires a minimumamount of resilient mesh material thereby eliminating the need to fillor substantially fill, in a spherical, radially expanded manner, thespace in the LAA 50 pouch. Such an occlusion device is also well suitedfor conformability across a broad range of LAA morphologies,particularly since it is well known and generally accepted that LAAsvary considerably in size and are not perfectly round in shape.Advantageously, because an occlusion device as disclosed herein, has aminimum of or less material than the current standard devices, thisminimizes the need for anti-coagulation therapy and/or lessens the riskof clot emboli formation.

In another embodiment of an occlusion device disclosed herein, theresilient mesh 20 body of resilient mesh comprises a relatively uniformdistribution of wire mesh strands or braids such as, without limitation,a 72 nitinol (NiTi) wire mesh strand braided configuration. In otherembodiments, the occlusion device comprises wire mesh strands or braidsthat range from 36 to 144 NiTi strand braided configuration.

In another embodiment of an occlusion device disclosed herein, the 30bolus of additional resilient mesh housed within the 20 body, comprisesa relatively uniform distribution of wire mesh strands or braids suchas, without limitation, a 72 nitinol (NiTi) wire mesh strand braidedconfiguration. In other embodiments, the 30 bolus of the occlusiondevice comprises wire mesh strands or braids that range from 36 to 144NiTi strand braided configuration. In one embodiment, the resilient meshof the 20 body of the device is comprised of dissimilar metal(s)compared to the metal(s) within the additional resilient mesh of the 30bolus within the 20 body.

In another embodiment, the mesh density of the inner 30 bolus is adouble layer of mesh and is greater (or higher) than the mesh density ofits 20 body's outer double layer of mesh.

An occlusion device disclosed herein is configured with resilient meshmaterial of a mesh density sufficient for functioning in such a manneras an endothelial cell scaffold within a vessel or across the 80 openingof the LAA and thereby reducing blood flow by about 60% to trigger clotformation and/or healing of the LAA. For the purposes of the presentinvention, the terminology “mesh density” means the level of porosity orthe ratio of metal to open area of the mesh device. Mesh density relatesto the number and size of the openings or pores of the mesh and by theextent that the pores are open or closed in situations where opening orpore openness varies between delivery and deployment. Generally, a highmesh density region of a resilient mesh material has approximately about70% or more metal area and about 60% or less open area.

In one embodiment, the resilient mesh 20 body has an “open mesh density”for enhanced tissue integration and/or stabilization of the occlusiondevice. Open mesh density is greater than about 40% open area in themesh. Open mesh density is known to have a low number, usually betweenabout 40 and 80, picks per inch (PPI) to represent the porosity of themesh layers. PPI is the number of repeat cross overs of braidingmaterial in a linear inch. A high number of repeats (or PPI), usuallybetween about 100 and 180, is an indicator that the mesh is dense. Alower number of repeats (or PPI) is an indicator that the mesh is porous(open). In an additional embodiment, the resilient mesh 20 body isconstructed from a super elastic material, such as, without limitation,nitinol. In yet another embodiment, the resilient mesh 20 body isconstructed from DFT platinum core nitinol. In other embodiments, whenthe 20 body mesh is constructed of nitinol, the 30 bolus within that 20body mesh is constructed of DFT platinum core nitinol. In yet otherembodiments, when the 20 body is constructed of DFT platinum corenitinol, the 30 bolus within that 20 body mesh is constructed ofnitinol. DFT platinum core nitinol is used for enhancing visualizationof the device during deployment and implantation.

FIGS. 1 and 2 also show the position of the 40 marker band, having a 90proximal end and a 100 distal end, on an occlusion device of the presentinvention. The 40 marker is attached to the 20 body of the occlusiondevice and the body extends from the 100 distal end of the 40 markerband. In FIG. 2, the 90 proximal end of the 20 marker band is shownresting across, in the manner of a bridge, the 80 opening of the LAA tobe treated, which, when combined with the properties of the low profile14 resilient mesh 20 body comprising a 30 bolus of additional mesh,creates an open mesh density effect thereby promoting more effectiveendothelialization around the device. Other advantages includeeliminating the need for incorporating additional mesh materialextending proximally from the marker band in order to seal the 80opening of the LAA or to anchor the device in the left atrial space. Inaddition, positioning the 90 proximal end of the 40 marker band to restacross the 80 opening of the LAA advantageously provides for fullretrievability of the device.

In one embodiment of the device disclosed herein, a coil-wound core wire(or guide wire) of the catheter (or micro-catheter) is attached insidethe 40 marker band at its 90 distal end to the ends of the 20 body of adual layer of mesh. The coil wind maintains a constant diameter (ϕ) soas not to impact upon flexibility or stiffness of the delivery catheteror micro-catheter or guide wire. In certain embodiments, FEP(Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene) heat shrink tubing encases thecoil-wound portion of the core wire. Numerous readily available and wellknown attachment techniques in the medical device arts can be used toattach the distal end of the core wire inside the 40 marker band and/orto the occlusion device or implant. Such known techniques are also usedto attach the ends of the resilient mesh 20 body to and/or inside/withinthe 40 marker band. Such attachment techniques include, withoutlimitation, adhesives, laser melting, laser tack, spot, and/orcontinuous welding. In one embodiment, an adhesive is used to attach thedistal end of the core wire inside the 40 marker band. In anotherembodiment, an adhesive is used to attach the ends of the resilient mesh20 body to and/or inside/within the 40 marker band. In a furtherembodiment, the adhesive is an epoxy material which is cured or hardenedthrough the application of heat or UV (ultra-violet) radiation. In aneven further embodiment, the epoxy is a thermal cured, two-part epoxysuch as EPO-TEK® 353ND-4 available from Epoxy Technology, Inc., 14Fortune Drive, Billerica, Mass. In an additional embodiment, such anadhesive or epoxy material encapsulates the junction of the core wireinside the 40 marker band and increases its mechanical stability.

In another embodiment, during and/or after deployment of the device, thecoil-wound core wire detaches the device disclosed herein at anelectrolytic detachment site (or zone) on the core wire itself in such amanner so that the core wire is severed and/or dissolved throughelectrolytic action at the base of the 40 marker band. Such action thenreleases and/or places the occlusion device into an LAA to be treated.

In one embodiment, the 40 marker band of the occlusion device disclosedherein is a substantially solid collar or rigid member such as, withoutlimitation a solid ring comprised of materials such as, withoutlimitation, gold, platinum, stainless steel, and/or combinationsthereof. In another embodiment, radiopaque materials such as, withoutlimitation, gold, platinum, platinum/iridium alloy, and/or combinationsthereof, can be used. Such a 40 marker provides visualization of thedevice during delivery and placement. The solidness of the 40 markerhelps confer stability of the device within the LAA and preventsmovement or the transfer of forces through the resilient mesh of thedevice thereby preventing misplacement or accidental movement of thedevice. The 40 marker is also configured with a junction (the core wireattachment inside the 40 marker band) to cooperate and releasefrom/attach to a corresponding delivery means such as, withoutlimitation, a delivery catheter or guide wire and/or pusher wiretechnologies. It also advantageously provides for full retrievability ofthe device disclosed herein.

In another embodiment, the substantially solid 40 marker band comprisesa radiopaque material (such as for example, without limitation,platinum, gold, platinum/iridium alloy, and/or combinations thereof) tofacilitate visualization of the occlusion device under fluoroscopyduring delivery, placement and/or deployment. The 40 marker comprises a90 proximal end and a 100 distal end. Each 20 arm of resilient mesh isattached to the 40 marker band and extends from the 100 distal end ofthe 40 marker band. In one embodiment, the 40 marker band may beconfigured to influence shape, diameter, and/or curvature of theresilient mesh 20 body upon expansion of the occlusion device. The 40marker may be designed in various shapes to influence the overallprofile of the occlusion device to ensure a proper fit of theexpanded/deployed occlusion device within the LAA 50 pouch.

In some embodiments of the occlusion device disclosed herein, the 40marker band is a rigid member such as a ring, collar (such as, e.g., acrushed or flattened collar), band, or suture (such as e.g., a polymericsuture). Such a “substantially solid” or “rigid member” functions as apinch point for gathering the ends of the 20 body of the device. In afurther embodiment, the 40 marker band is reinforced and therefore meshof the device traverses the 40 marker band to provide a continuousprofile on the inner surface from the LAA 80 opening to the LAA 50pouch. Such a reinforced 40 marker band comprises materials including,without limitation, plastically deformable and shape-memory resilientmesh material, wire braided mesh material (including various meshbraiding configurations such as, without limitation, 2 strands over—1strand under, 1 strand under—1 strand over, 1 strand over—2 strandsunder, etc.), laser cut mesh material, and/or a combination thereof.

The substantially solid 40 marker band facilities delivery andpositioning of the occlusion device adjacent the 80 opening of LAA byproviding a rigid member to maneuver into the neck. Additionally, insome embodiments, the substantially solid 40 marker band providesvisibility under fluoroscopy, thereby allowing more accuratevisualization and exacting placement of the device.

In certain embodiments, the resilient mesh of the occlusion devicedisclosed herein can be filled with an embolic material such as, withoutlimitation, liquid agents and/or particulates to promote clotting andclosure of the LAA. Examples of liquid agents and particulates include,without limitation, gelatin foam, polyvinyl alcohol particles,tris-acryl gelatin microspheres, N-butyl-2-cynoacrylate, ethylene vinylalcohol copolymer, calcium alginate gel, absolute alcohol, and the like.

In other embodiments, the occlusion device disclosed herein may furtherincorporate and/or be used with adjunctive elements and/or members wellknown in the art such as coiling techniques, framing coils, embolicagents, additional markers, polymers, resorbent polymers and/or acombination thereof.

Resilient mesh materials for design and/or manufacture of occlusiondevices are readily available and well known by those skilled in therelevant art. As such, resilient mesh materials range from a widevariety of available materials such as, without limitation, nickeltitanium (nitinol or otherwise known as NiTi), stainless steel,polymers, and/or combinations thereof. Exemplary known biomedicalpolymeric families include, without limitation, polymers such aspolyphosphazenes, polyanhydrides, polyacetals, poly(ortho esters),polyphosphoesters, polycaprolactones, polyurethanes, polylactides,polycarbonates, polyamides, and/or a combination thereof. (See, e.g., JPolym Sci B Polym Phys. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2012 June15.)

In one exemplary embodiment, the resilient mesh material is formed ofwoven strands of polymer material, such as, without limitation, nylon,polypropylene or polyester. The polymer strands can be filled with aradiopaque material which allows the physician treating the aneurysm tofluoroscopically visualize the location of the device within thevasculature. Radiopaque filler materials preferably include bismuthtrioxide, tungsten, titanium dioxide or barium sulfate, or radiopaquedyes such as iodine. The resilient mesh material can be formed bystrands of radiopaque material. The radiopaque strands allow thephysician and/or radiologist to fluoroscopically visualize the locationof the mesh, without the use of filled polymer materials. Suchradiopaque strands may be formed with materials such as, withoutlimitation, gold, platinum, a platinum/iridium alloy, and/or acombination thereof. In one embodiment, the resilient mesh material isconstructed of 10%-20% platinum core NiTi. In another embodiment, theresilient mesh material is constructed of 10% platinum core NiTi, 15%platinum core NiTi, or 20% platinum core NiTi. 10% platinum core NiTiconstruction is sufficient to provide a ghost image of the occlusiondevice under x-ray.

Such constructed combination wires or composite wires having aradiopaque core and non-radiopaque outer layer or casing are readilyavailable and well known in the medical device and metallic arts as DFT®(drawn-filled-tube) wires, cables or ribbons. DFT® wire is ametal-to-metal composite constructed to combine the desired physical andmechanical attributes of two or more materials into a single wire. Byplacing the more radiopaque, but more ductile material in the core ofthe wire, the NiTi outer layer is able to provide the resultingcomposite wire with similar mechanical properties of a 100% NiTi wire.DFT® wires are available from Fort Wayne Metals Corp., Fort Wayne, Ind.,U.S.A. See also, for example, the journal article entitled BiocompatibleWire by Schaffer in Advanced Materials & Processes, October 2002, pages51-54, incorporated herein by reference.

Where the resilient mesh material is formed of radiopaque metal strands,the strands may be covered with a polymer coating or extrusion. Thecoating or extrusion over the radiopaque wire strands providesfluoroscopic visualization but also increases the resistance of thestrands to bending fatigue and may also increase lubricity of thestrands. The polymer coating or extrusion, in one embodiment, is coatedor treated with an agent which tends to resist clotting, such asheparin. Such clot resistant coatings are generally known. The polymercoating or extrusion can be any suitable extrudable polymer, or anypolymer that can be applied in a thin coating, such as Teflon® orpolyurethane.

In yet another embodiment, the strands of the resilient mesh materialare formed using both metal and polymer braided strands. Combining themetal strands with the polymer strands into a braid changes theflexibility characteristics of mesh. The force required to deploy and/orcollapse such a mesh portion is significantly reduced over that requiredfor a mesh portion that includes only metal mesh strands. However, theradiopaque characteristics of the mesh for fluoroscopic visualizationare retained. Metal strands forming such a device includes, withoutlimitation, stainless steel, gold, platinum, platinum/iridium, nitinol,and/or combinations thereof. Polymer strands forming the device caninclude nylon, polypropylene, polyester, Teflon®, and/or combinationsthereof. Further, polymer strands of the mesh material can be chemicallymodified to make them radiopaque with known techniques such as, withoutlimitation, by using gold deposition onto the polymer strands, or byusing ion beam plasma deposition of suitable metal ions onto the polymerstrands.

The resilient mesh material can also be formed with filaments or strandsof varying diameter and/or varying flexibility. By varying the size orflexibility of the polymer strands, the flexibility characteristics ofthe mesh, upon deployment, can also be varied. By varying theflexibility characteristics, both the deployed and collapsedconfiguration of the resilient mesh 20 body can be varied or changed tosubstantially any desired shape.

Not only can the mesh be formed of both polymer strands or filaments andmetal strands or filaments, but it can also be formed using filaments ofdifferent polymer materials. For example, different polymer materialshaving different flexibility characteristics can be used in forming themesh. This alters the flexibility characteristics of the device tochange the resultant configuration of the mesh 20 body in both thedeployed and the collapsed positions. Such biomedical polymers arereadily known and available in the art and can be derived from polymericfamilies such as, without limitation, polyphosphazenes, polyanhydrides,polyacetals, poly (ortho esters), polyphosphoesters, polycaprolactones,polyurethanes, polylactides, polycarbonates, polyamides, and/or acombination thereof.

Resilient mesh materials suitable for use within the device may take theform of a flat woven sheet, knitted sheet, or a laser cut wire mesh. Ingeneral, the material should include two or more sets of substantiallyparallel strands, with one set of parallel strands being at a pitch ofbetween 45 degrees and 135 degrees with respect to the other set ofparallel strands. In some embodiments, the two sets of parallel strandsforming the mesh material are substantially perpendicular to each other.The pitch and general construction of the mesh material may be optimizedto meet the performance needs of the occlusion device.

The wire strands of the metal fabric used in the present inventionshould be formed of a material which is both resilient and can beheat-treated to substantially set a desired shape. Materials which arebelieved to be suitable for this purpose include a cobalt-based lowthermal expansion alloy referred to in the field of occlusion devices asElgiloy® (available from Eligiloy Specialty Metals, Elgin, Ill.),nickel-based high-temperature high-strength “superalloys” commerciallyavailable from Haynes International under the trade name Hastelloy®,nickel-based heat treatable alloys sold under the name Incoloy® byInternational Nickel, and a number of different grades of stainlesssteel. The important factor in choosing a suitable material for thewires is that the wires retain a suitable amount of the deformationinduced by the molding surface (or shape memory, as described below)when subjected to a predetermined heat treatment.

One class of materials which meet these qualifications are so-calledshape memory alloys. Such alloys tend to have a temperature inducedphase change which will cause the material to have a preferredconfiguration which can be fixed by heating the material above a certaintransition temperature to induce a change in the phase of the material.When the alloy is cooled, the alloy will “remember” the shape it was induring the heat treatment and will tend to assume that same and/orsimilar configuration unless constrained from doing so.

One particular shape memory alloy for use in the present invention isnitinol, an approximately stoichiometric alloy of nickel and titanium,which may also include other minor amounts of other metals to achievedesired properties. NiTi alloys such as nitinol, including appropriatecompositions and handling requirements, are well known in the art andsuch alloys need not be discussed in detail here. For example, U.S. Pat.Nos. 5,067,489 and 4,991,602, the teachings of which are incorporatedherein by reference, discuss the use of shape memory NiTi alloys inguide wire-based technologies. Such NiTi alloys are preferred, at leastin part, because they are commercially available and more is known abouthandling such alloys than other known shape memory alloys. NiTi alloysare also very elastic. Indeed, they are said to be known as“superelastic” or “pseudoelastic.” This elasticity will help anocclusion device as disclosed herein to return to prior expandedconfiguration for deployment thereof.

The wire strands can comprise a standard monofilament of the selectedmaterial, i.e., a standard wire stock may be used. In some embodiments,72 wire strands and/or 72 strand braid configuration may be used. Inother embodiments, the occlusion device comprises wire mesh strands orbraids that range from 36 to 144 NiTi strand braided configurations. Ifso desired, though, the individual wire strands may be formed from“cables” made up of a plurality of individual wires. For example, cablesformed of metal wires where several wires are helically wrapped about acentral wire are commercially available and NiTi cables having an outerdiameter of 0.003 inches or less can be purchased. One advantage ofcertain cables is that they tend to be “softer” than the monofilamentwires having the same diameter and formed of same material.Additionally, the use of a cable can increase the effective surface areaof the wire strand, which will tend to promote thrombosis.

In some embodiments, the resilient mesh may be formed uniformly of thesame material; however such material may have different knitted,stitched, braided, and/or cut construction.

In other embodiments, the occlusion device disclosed herein can be used,when scaled accordingly, in endovascular techniques such as for thetreatment and/or ameliorization of aneurysms, particularly large andirregular sized aneurysms, and to promote more effectiveendothelialization around the device. In this regard, reference is madeto commonly owned, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/699,188; which isincorporated herein by reference. Additionally, the occlusion devicedisclosed herein can be used, when scaled accordingly, in the process ofperipheral vascular embolization (a process well known in the art andknown to involve the shutdown of blood flow distal to a specifiedvascular point), for example, in the treatment and/or amelioration ofperipheral arterial or venous pathologies and/or any related pathologiesrequiring vessel occlusion for the treatment thereof.

The occlusion device of the present invention may incorporate reasonabledesign parameters, features, modifications, advantages, and variationsthat are readily apparent to those skilled in the art in the field ofocclusion devices.

What is claimed is:
 1. An occlusion device comprising: (a) asubstantially solid marker band having an inner and outer diameter, aproximal end, and a distal end; and (b) a resilient mesh body attachedwithin the marker band, wherein the body is a length y, and wherein thebody comprises a bolus of additional resilient mesh material of a lengthx, wherein y is greater than x, and wherein the body extends distallyfrom the marker band having a first delivery shape and a secondexpandable deployed shape.
 2. The occlusion device of claim 1, whereinthe body comprises a circumferentially folded dual layer of mesh.
 3. Theocclusion device of claim 1, wherein the body has an open mesh densityfor enhanced tissue integration and/or stabilization of the occlusiondevice.
 4. The occlusion device of claim 1, wherein resilient mesh bodyand the bolus of additional resilient mesh material are dissimilarmetals.
 5. The occlusion device of claim 1, wherein the resilient meshbody is constructed from a super elastic material.
 6. The occlusiondevice of claim 5, wherein the resilient mesh body is constructed fromnitinol.
 7. The occlusion device of claim 5, wherein the resilient meshbody is constructed from DFT platinum core nitinol.
 8. The occlusiondevice of claim 1, wherein the bolus of additional resilient mesh isconstructed from a super elastic material.
 9. The occlusion device ofclaim 8, wherein the bolus of additional resilient mesh is constructedfrom nitinol.
 10. The occlusion device of claim 8, wherein the bolus ofadditional resilient mesh is constructed from DFT platinum core nitinol.11. The occlusion device of claim 1, wherein the marker band comprises arigid member.
 12. The occlusion device of claim 1, wherein the markerband comprises a rigid member selected from the group consisting of aring, collar, and suture.
 13. The occlusion device of claim 1, whereinthe marker band is reinforced.
 14. The occlusion device of claim 1,which is a Left Atrial Appendage (LAA) occlusion device.
 15. A methodfor treating or ameliorating Left Atrial Appendage (LAA) in a patient,the method comprising: i.) delivering to an LAA an occlusion device,wherein the device comprises (a) a substantially solid marker bandhaving an inner and outer diameter, a proximal end, and a distal end;and (b) a resilient mesh body attached within the marker band, whereinthe body is a length y, and wherein the body comprises a bolus ofadditional resilient mesh material of a length x, wherein y is greaterthan x, and wherein the body extends distally from the marker bandhaving a first delivery shape and a second expandable deployed shape;and ii.) deploying the occlusion device in the LAA, thereby treating orameliorating LAA in the patient.
 16. The method of claim 15 whichcomprises deploying the device through the left atrial space adjacent tothe LAA using an electrolytic wire.
 17. The method of claim 15 whichcomprises deploying the device with a catheter.